The silk road originated in the 2^nd century BC from a desire for military and political purpose instead of for trade. In order to seek allies to fight against xiongnus repeated invasion ,a court official named Zhang Qian was sent by Han Wudi to the western Regions. However, on the way to the western regions, the xiongnu captured Zhang and detained him for ten years. Escaped from xiongnus detention Zhang Qian continued his journey to the Central Asia. While at that time, the local rulers were satisfied with their status and refused to ally with Han Empire. Although the mission failed in its original purpose, the information Zhang Qian conveyed to China about Central Asia, and vice versa, made people in each area desire goods produced in the other. Silk that was favored by Persians and Romans, inaugurated the trade along the Silk Road.

When the silk road was first established, silk was not the chief commodity. Han dynasty made very little profit from it until the romans were fascinate about silk that the large profits came in. The romans love silk so much that they even exchanged silk for its weight in gold. During the Tang dynasty, thirty percent of the trade on the silk road was comprised of silk .

Prosperous as it was, the operation of the silk road always be influened by the political developments. A stable state could ensure the smooth trade on this road, while the troublous one would hurt. When Zhang Qian opened this road, the Han dynasty and the empire of Parthia in Persia just achieved their golden ages, which give a favorite financial support to the smooth development of this route.